{"id":488,"date":"2024-11-18T11:42:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xopsschool.com\/tutorials\/?p=488"},"modified":"2024-11-21T11:18:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T11:18:17","slug":"top-basic-linux-commands-for-users","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xopsschool.com\/tutorials\/top-basic-linux-commands-for-users\/","title":{"rendered":"Top Basic Linux Commands for Users"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
1. pwd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Print the current working directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
2. ls<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
List all files and directories in the current directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -l : Listing all files \n\nls -a : Lists all files, including hidden files (.) dot file is hidden files.\n\nls -al or ls -l -a or ls -la : Formatted listing including hidden files.\n\nls -lh : Shows file sizes in a human-readable format (Size KB, MB, Date & Time, File name, Owner amd Group, Link). Reverse Order Listing.\n\nls -lha : Show hidden files (those starting with a dot).\n\nls -r : Lists files and directories in reverse alphabetical order. Sorting by Modification Time.\n\nls - i :Displays the inode number of each file along with the file name. Colorized Listing.\n\nls -it : Lists files sorted by modification time, newest first. Recursive Listing.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cd \/ : Go to the root directory.\n\ncd .. : One step back \n\ncd : One folder to another folder\n\ncd ~ : Change to the home directory of the current user\n\ncd - : Go back to the previous directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
4. mkdir<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
======> Create a folder (example : prit) \n\nCreate a multiple folder \n\n=====> mkdir prit1 prit2 prit3 \n\nCreate a directory with intermediate directories (create parent directories).\n\nmkdir -p parent_directory\/sub_directory\/sub_sub_directory\n\n=====> example : folder prit1\n\n=====> mkdir -p local1\/local2\/local3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Create a folder with specific permissions set at the time of creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=====> mkdir -m 755 <\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Create folder with verbose output to show what is being done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. echo :<\/strong> Display a line of text\/ they are use message print .<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
8. <\/strong>cat : displays the contents of new.txt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. Display the content of a single file anu <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. 2. Concatenate multiple files and display the content cat anu,ekta,deepa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Concatenate files and redirect the output to a new file cat anu deepa > mahi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Append content of one file to another cat anu >> deepa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Display line numbers while viewing the content of a file cat -n anu [modify file = cat >>file name]<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
ctrl +d === save the file<\/mark><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
9. more<\/code> : <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
View the contents of a file page by page\nmore anu\n\nView multiple files sequentially\nmore anu deepa\n\nDisplay a specific number of lines at a time\nmore -num 20 filename.txt\n\nStart viewing from a specific line\nmore +100 filename.txt\n\nView the contents of a file with line numbers\nmore -n filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
The head command displays the first few lines of a file\n\nDisplay the first 10 lines.\n\n head prit\n\nSpecify the number of lines\n\n head -n 20 prit\n\nDisplay the first 50\n\n head -c 50 filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
tail :<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The tail command displays the last few lines of a file \n\nDisplay the last 10 lines\n\n head prit\n<\/mark>\nSpecify the number of lines\n\n tail -n 20 prit<\/mark>\n\nDisplay the last 50\n\n tail -c 50 prit<\/mark>\n\nMonitor file changes in real-time\n\n tail -f prit<\/mark>\n\nThe -f option is very useful for monitoring log files as they get updated. It will display new lines as they are added.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
11. tac<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
its display the file in reserve order (from last line)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
12. id <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
used to display the user ID & group ID <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
13. wc <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
used to count the lines, words and characters in a file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
14. date : <\/strong>used to display date, time, timezone and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15. time :<\/strong> used to display the time to execute a command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16. cal :<\/strong> used to display the current months calendar with the current date highlighted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
17. clear :<\/strong> used to clear the terminal screen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18. exit :<\/strong> used to exit from the current shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
19. sleep :<\/strong> used to hold the terminal amount of time, it takes time in seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20. mv :<\/strong> used to move a file and directory from one to another location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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